Shoulder instability occurs when the ball of the shoulder joint slips partially (subluxation) or completely (dislocation) out of the socket, often due to stretching or tearing of the ligaments and labrum that normally hold it in place.
Usually results from a traumatic dislocation (a fall, contact injury, or arm forced into an awkward position), though some patients have underlying joint laxity that makes instability more likely even without major trauma.
A sensation of the shoulder "giving way" or slipping, particularly with the arm raised and rotated outward (as in throwing or reaching overhead), pain, and in a full dislocation, visible deformity and inability to move the arm until it's relocated.
A first-time dislocation in an older, less active patient is often treated with a period of immobilization and physical therapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles. Younger athletes, patients with recurrent instability, or those with a significant labral tear typically benefit from arthroscopic stabilization surgery to repair the torn structures and reduce the risk of repeat dislocation.
Think you might have this condition? An accurate diagnosis starts with an exam — schedule a consultation with Dr. Thomson.
Schedule a ConsultThis page is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Every injury is different — always consult Dr. Thomson or another qualified physician for a personalized evaluation.